Animals Beauty

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Striped coloring is inherent, certainly, in tigers – to the largest representatives of family Felicidae. Tigers live only in Asia. Tigers are adapted for various environmental conditions. The color at a tiger bright enough, but its orange-black-and-white striped fur coat possesses surprising property. Despite all brightness, it helps a tiger to remain imperceptible. It occurs that strips of a tiger visually break a body contour into separate fragments. Therefore in wood where there is a play of light and shades, outlines of a tiger are lost, and the animal becomes imperceptible. The tiger loves reservoirs and well floats.

The tiger lives alone in territory to 200 square kilometers. It the fine hunter also extracts to itself livelihood under any weather conditions.

The biggest tiger is the Amur tiger. It lives in a Far East Russian taiga and meets also in Northern China and Korea. At length it reaches 3 meters and weighs to 360 kg. Now number of the Amur tigers does not exceed 400 individuals.
The Amur tiger is not afraid of strong frosts it is protected perfectly by dense and long wool. In the summer coloring brighter, and in the winter the skin brightens. At it lights sides and a white belly. The Amur tiger is considered least “blood-thirsty” and the least aggressive at a meeting with the man. However, old inhabitants of a taiga assert that this tiger is very curious, but curiosity is not aggression and when the tiger understands that it has noticed, it leaves.

The Bengalese tiger lives in India, Burma, Bangladesh and Nepal. These tigers are a bit more numerous, than the Amur tigers. Number of a Bengalese tiger makes 2500 individuals living naturally. The basic area of their dwelling is the river Ganges delta. At length this tiger can reach 2, 6 m and to weigh to 260 kg. It is very strong and powerful animal. Though this tiger also is very cautious and avoids meetings with the person, notorious an attack on people. The old or crippled animals who more cannot hunt for wood game become “cannibals”, as a rule. On such tigers arrange the present round-ups, sometimes the whole settlements participate in them. But today tigers are so rare that chances of a meeting with it are very insignificant. Therefore even if suddenly also there is a tiger who has attacked the person, it, whenever possible, do not kill, and catch and send in a zoo.

The Indochina tiger meets in Cambodia, Burma, Thailand and Malaysia. In the nature its number makes about 5000 individuals. In the sizes it is similar to a Bengalese tiger. It differs from Bengalese “relative” the appearance a little. A coloring at it more contrast, strips very accurate, and a head at it more round.

The white tiger is not considered a separate version of tigers. This phenomenon is very seldom. Individuals with wool deprived of a pigment, responsible for red coloring, sometimes are born among tigers. Brown strips thus remain. Eyes of such tiger are blue, and the animal is extraordinary beautiful. In the Indian princedom of the Roar have managed is artificial to fix this rare deviation from norm, and today white tigers are national property of India.

Tourists in Costa Rica crowds go to local lake personally to make sure of the present and strong friendship of the man with a crocodile-murderer. The man enters into water and publishes especial whistle. After it almost improbable show begins, writes News.com.au. The crocodile in weight in half-tons swims up to the daredevil and starts to play with him instead of eating the man for a dinner.

52-year-old Chito and its best friend – Pocho – a five-meter crocodile in weight of 445 kgs became organizers of this risky show. This couple allures crowds of spectators to lake in the Sikejros City.

“Pocho is my best friend, – tells Chito. Is a dangerous occupation, but we have a good relations”. According to Chito, “all one sight” on the owner suffices a crocodile to forget about the predatory instincts.

“For other person it is too dangerous to enter into water when we play with Pocho – the inhabitant Costa Rica marks. – Only we two may be in water.”

Chito has made friends with Pocho still 20 years ago after he has saved crocodile’s life. Then Chito has found out hard wounded crocodile in coastal waters of the river Parismin in Costa Rica. Pocho was dying from a gunshot wound in an eye. Chito has persuaded the friends to help it to load a massive reptile into a boat. After that he transported Pocho on the ranch.

“I remained near Pocho while he was ill. I slept near it at the nights, – recollected Chito. – I simply wanted, that he has felt that someone loves it and not all people bad.”

It is necessary to notice that for the sake of rescue of a crocodile Chito voluntary risked a life as he was near Pocho every day. He admits that loves all animals and he is always ready to help those from them who has suffered from hands of the man.

Has passed many years, and at last the man has understood that the crocodile has got used to him so that it is possible to try to approach to it closer.

Ten years after their acquaintance the brave defender of animals “has started to work” with the got stronger crocodile. “I approached with it very slowly, – tells Chito. – I played with it gradually, approaching to it closer and closer”. At last there has come the moment when Pocho has started to respond to call of the friend. Since then the man and the reptile have got rid of “stereotypes” in a society each other absolutely.

Ancestors Felidae have appeared on the earth about 40 million years ago. They differed by the form from modern representatives of this family (as well as the majority of prehistoric animals) a little. Cats in size with a modern lynx from family Pseudoaelurus were the first cats on the Earth. They have occurred from small Creodonts, – the mammals living about 50 million years ago, on a decline of an epoch of dinosaurs.

And animals, who name now “the present cats”, have appeared about 25 million years ago. During those far times they were divided into some groups: small cats (their representatives are, for example, manuls and ocelots), large cats (which lions and leopards), cheetahs and fossil saber-toothed cats presently concern – Machairodus (them concern nowadays died out Smilodon, living about 2 million years ago in the North America and Megantereon, living in Northern India, Africa and the Mediterranean). Fossil skeletons of saber-toothed cats have been found. Having studied them, scientists have found out that these cats had the huge sizes and massive, very dense constitution. Cats had flat saber-toothed top canines which reached 18-20 centimeters at length. Besides, saber-toothed cats were able to open a mouth improbably widely.

Assume that these mighty cats hunted even on cubs of such giants, as mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses. Eventually saber-toothed cats have disappeared from the face of the earth. But other kinds Feludaes, less large, but more dexterous, fast and quick, have appeared unusually well adapted for a predatory way of life. These cats safely continue to exist till now. The prospective ancestor of house cats – small long-legged Libyan cat Felis lubica (it still name dun, sandy or nubian). This animal lives and presently in semi-deserts of Africa though cats have been cultivated approximately 8-10 thousand years ago.

Wild cats are ubiquitous animals. In the wild nature of representatives of this family it is possible to meet almost in all corners of globe. They are not present only in Australia, Antarctica and Polar Regions. Family Felidae consists of several kinds. In this family there are small wild cats in weight hardly more than one kg and length about 35 centimeters, and mighty Amur tigers in weight more than 350 kg. Wild cats live in jungle, deserts, mountains, steppes, woods, and a taiga. One cats are able to dig holes, others perfectly swarm up trees or even well float.

About 39 various species of cats are exist. All cats possess almost identical anatomic structure.
Thanks to the strong and longer hinder legs, all cats perfectly jump. Shorter forepaws allow cats to climb and hunt perfectly well. All cats – predators, but they can diversify the menu by other food, especially if does not carry with extraction. Cats can eat both insects, and plants, and the bird’s eggs. All cats are very beautiful and proportional animals. Presently many wild cats are threatened with danger of disappearance. In it strong influence from outside the person is guilty. Therefore many cats – all large cats and approximately half of small cats- are brought in the Red Data Book.

Small cats (kind Felis) can purr both at a breath, and at an exhalation, but are incapable to growl. Large cats (generally from kind Panthera) can purr only on a breath, but are more known on the roar.

Largest of the big cats – Siberian, or Amur, a tiger which weight reaches 383 kg.

Lions – the unique cats living in social groups, named praid. Lionesses are engaged in hunting.

Tigers more often, than other big cats, turn to cannibals.

Many large cats, in particular snow leopard, are almost destroyed as a result of hunting for them for the sake of beautiful skins.

There are 28 kinds of wild small cats.

The kind of wild cats is found in Southern Asia with membranes on forepaws. These membranes help them to float and fish.

The sand cat (Felis margarita harrisoni) is escape from day heat in the dens. Their feet completely (including small pillows of paws), are covered by thick fur. The fur protects the cat’s paws from heat of the heated sand.

North American and Euroasian lynxes are the unique wild cats do not have a tail.

It is considered that wild wood European cats, a cane cat, and also a sand cat have direct to the relation to reception of some modern breeds of house cats.

«The king of the polar countries», a polar bear (Ursus maritimus), belongs to number of the mightiest predators on the earth. This largest predator of a planet (its weight sometimes reaches tons) spends all life in movement. Not casually Eskimos name a polar bear «pihokiak» that means “eternally wandering”. The polar bear has adapted to dwelling in ice desert of Arctic ocean, to a life at strong frosts and gale-force winds, to darkness of polar night. The polar bear does not run into hibernation, as its relative – a brown bear. But the polar bear can lie down in a den not only in the winter, but also in the summer. So he has difficult, hungry time. Seals – its basic forage. Seals are extended in Arctic regions very non-uniformly, these animals spend time most part under ice. There seals are inaccessible to a predator. Therefore and days of successful hunting of the king of Arctic regions sometimes are replaced by weeks of the compelled starvation.

The polar bear conducts a semi water way of life. It differs from all other bears of globe. The structure of a body of a polar bear is adapted for such way of life: narrow a streamline a trunk, wide paws – of “oar”, a narrow head with the straightened profile, the raised eye-sockets and highly located eyes, the extended mobile neck. All it does a polar bear by the good swimmer and the diver. Seafarers, travelling on northern seas, often met polar bears who floated in the high sea on distance of hundred miles from the nearest land or ice floes. Under water of an eye at a bear are opened, and nostrils and auricles are compressed.

It is known that the sizes of Arctic regions are rather small. Therefore the dwelling area on globe of a polar bear also is insignificant. Actually the native land of animals also is at all small. These are separate islets – mountainous, poorly mastered by the man and located on ways of usual bear migrations. In the autumn on these islets she-bears gather. Here they lie down in dens, in the middle of winter give birth to bear cubs, and are started up with bear cubs in habitual travel in the spring.

Such places where the majority of polar bears were born are in the east of Spitsbergen, on the Franz-Josef Land, in some areas of the north of Canada and Greenland. The majority of females lie down in dens in September – October. In December – January the she-bear gives birth in a refuge of one-two bear cubs. Bear cubs blind, deaf, naked, weight only in 400-450 grammes. In a den the temperature seldom falls to zero though outside there can be a frost in 20-30 degrees.

To three-monthly age bear kids become covered by dense fur. Bear cubs become mobile, brisk, and capable to travel together with mother on ices. The she-bear cares of bear cubs two years, and sometimes and longer. Thus the she-bear of more years feeds kids with milk. To breed these animals begin not earlier, than in four – five years’ age.

In the middle of 1950 on a planet remain only about ten thousand polar bears. This animal has been included in the International Red Data Book and was registered as a rare species. In 1975 some countries have entered into the international agreement on an absolute prohibition of hunting for a polar bear. The result was not slow to affect: now on open spaces of Arctic regions wanders not less than 30 thousand these big, strong animals.

Scientists have established that monkeys muriquis which are considered as the most peaceful monkeys (for it they even have received a nickname of “hippie”), are capable of murder because of a sex lack. On it informs New Scientist, and article of scientists has appeared in magazine “American Journal of Primatology”.

Within the limits of research scientists have found out that by the peaceful reputation of a monkey are obliged basically to northern populations (these monkeys live in Brazil). In these populations animals eat grasses, both females and males live one big band. Thus conflicts in a huge “family” it is not observed almost. During the same time monkey of southern populations have appeared more aggressive. Scientists managed to register a case when some young males-relatives have attacked the elderly male and bite it to death.

Scientists offer this phenomenon a following explanation. The matter is that in southern populations muriquis eat fruit, as a result of a female frequently far and for a long time leave from the basic group of males in search of food. Because of a lack of sex males appear irritable and nervous, as leads to conflicts to a lethal outcome.

Recently at scientists the considerable quantity of the experimental data specifying began to appear that the behavior of monkeys is much more difficult, than was considered till now. So, more recently experts have established that monkeys are capable of a deceit. Monkeys-Capuchins let out cries warning about a predator when appear in immediate proximity from food. It becomes for this purpose what to frighten off the relatives.

The American researchers have found out that the big white sharks track down the victims, instead of snatch on any victim.

White sharks differ from Gannibal Lekter only that kill necessarily. Sharks observe of a victim from convenient distance (not too close, not so far), own various strategy of hunting and take lessons from the previous attempts, are informed by scientists in edition Journal of Zoology.

To find out places of hunting of sharks, scientists have taken advantage of operating time of the Canadian experts, which have tried to describe strategy of the typical serial murderer. It was found out that sharks as a whole use the same methods. “They are able more than simply to wait, when the victim will float by”, – Nile Hammershlag, the head of scientific group (University of Miami), tells. Nile fixed 340 cases of an attack of white sharks on seals at coast of Southern Africa. If all was so simply, predators snatched on seals in places of their congestion, sufficing the first victim. But far from it.

Sharks plan a victim, being from it on distance about 100 meters. Usually it is the young animal. The attack occurs more often in a dark place when the seal remains one and nearby there are no other sharks that can make a competition. Besides, attack is carried out usually from below.

To a conclusion that sharks can get hand in, scientists have come because adult predators hunted more successfully, than young growth.

For a long time it is known that many overland animals (for example, lions) use certain strategy on hunting. However, to observe of them is much easier, than for inhabitants of sea depths

Sea biologists are assured that dolphins and their close relatives possess a number of talents, we do not dream of many of which at all. The proof to that is the set of the facts showing dolphin ability to make of the decision and to plan on the future.

Critics of this theory repeatedly declared that if dolphins so are clever, as it is assumed by a science intelligence displays should be more appreciable and expressed. On what oceanologists not unreasonably answer – the modern science does not have bases to consider dolphin logic similar with human, means; its displays can be expressed in the implicit image for the observer.

The Missisipy laboratory of studying sea mammal makes many years experiments with dolphins containing in bondage. Scientists have developed system of “trade” with dolphin Kelly – trainers give out to it a fish only in exchange for various subjects which it gets from pool. It has soon been noticed that when objects for the auction becomes a little, dolphin starts them “to save”. It is similar to how people in winter time try to stretch food stocks till a following crop. It turns out that the dolphin itself makes decision to reduce a diet that there was a stock of the subjects suitable for an exchange for fish.

Sea mammal more than people, think of safety and protection of relatives. So, dolphins warn the relatives about occurrence of poisonous jellyfishes and other dangerous beings. But it only an iceberg top adaptability and cunning of dolphins. Scientists managed to observe a case when Australian dolphin used dead fish, that it chuck out a crevice sat down there other fish. Besides, dolphins in this region at research of new territories fasten a sea sponge on a nose is them protects them from a sting of fishes.

The intelligence of dolphins is shown in their keen interest to world around and training to something to the new. Young dolphins, for example, prefer to adopt new tricks and skills at people – trainers. It is much more interesting to them, than to follow orders of parents.

And here has not done without ambition. Scientists have found out that, having learnt various receptions, like jumps through rings and balancing on a tail, dolphins as though rise on the following step of a social ladder and earn authority in the opinion of the not trained relatives.

Biologists find more and more common features between people and dolphins. They, as well as we, are able to use tools and to descend this ability. In their community the important role is played by care of wounded dolphins, young growth and old animals. Besides, dolphins establish a family and live with the partner all life.

The natural interrelation between people and dolphins is amazing also. So, sea inhabitants perceive the man for the relative, therefore always concern us friendly and are ready to come to the aid. They support rolling on a surface and drive away sharks also as though in water there were their children or parents.

Besides, there is an interesting phenomenon which is actively used in medicine, but till now has no accurate scientific explanation. It has appeared that dialogue with dolphins have calming an effect on the man. On occasion even strengthening of its mental faculties is marked.
Dolphins have laid up many discoveries for oceanologists. Not without reason them put above a chimpanzee and other primacies on level of intellectual development. There is a hypothesis that dolphins become unique representatives of fauna with whom the man will find common language in direct and figurative sense of a word. For now we receive acknowledgement that we think with them one categories.